which of the following is a pathogen quizlet

endobj Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? Test Prep. Explain how helminths evade the immune system. <>>> Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. What is the most common way a nosocomial infection is acquired? Section: 07.03, In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? Approximately how many people are affected by nosocomial infections each year in the United States? (a) How are these toxins similar? They must then receive a copy of the evaluation within ___ days, The hepatitis B virus can last for up to seven days outside of the body. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. ten percent bleach used as a cleaning agent should be made fresh every the continous links in the chain of infection in order, source, means if transmission, and susceptible host. False, False 1. The Centers for Disease Control estimate that there are about _______________ people living with HIV in the United States. a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question T cells can recognize antigens because they %PDF-1.5 possess fimbrae. active, passive Patients who are at risk due to surgical incisions, weakened immune systems due to pre-existing conditions or medical treatments could use those sinks, transfer the pathogen to their bodies and develop an infection or disease. phagocytosis ______________ include cells from humans, animals, plants, protozoa, fungi, and most algae. She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. eosinophils and basophils Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? red blood cells, macrophages degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? Section: 07.02. Safety glasses are not necessary when working with BBP? True or false: MTBE and gasoline leak from old tanks, then the MTBE dissolved into water and moves through soils into groundwater. A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. Who is not at high risk for contracting MRSA? The risk of HIV/AIDS transmission from a needle stick is approximately _____ percent. It is an injection of serum that contains antibodies. An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. 8 00:48:34 Multiple Choice Supergroup Amoebozoans - Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) Supergroup Amoebozoans - Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis) Supergroup SAR - Plasmodium (Malaria) Supergroup Excavata. They activate the complement system which punches holes in the invading pathogen. We]D!DTJewEj(dd.v,"t?huBwh7Vr5qjazNlAZO;8?&EToAb#xBxjzl?ch"x\}CAASM{Pj\^ViATinfMi\k+>!aOi/_gw]6/U)M~+ 8c Zj-L*c. *Anything that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body is called an antigen. (f) gel filtration. The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. The final temperature of the system is 100^\circC. Bacteria in a biofilm are coated in EPS and, therefore, are not easily treated with antibiotics. redness An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. Symptoms: nausea and migraine. B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? Ability to be transported initially to the host 2. You have recently identified a new toxin. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brians case. passive, active 20. ;N>!yOl9;F/QZ~>$l{i"ZIW&t"NJV\fpL[ #T&~3-#b|Cs?^(qVtRgCi)b/)VEf8*5a=b\UZA`p\-X4U%PoHq+*`4#.CG 6Bmt{#&K-S paiYWkv'LgeWIZ IV.# ^Y9+~q)_rAfbomv%el Noise Term phagocytosis is involved. They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. cell-mediated (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? Apply. Section: 07.01. Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? C. Plasmodium Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? C Intestinal disorders helper T cell -Hand washing Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: a part of the membrane attack complex of the complement system Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Kochs postulates? Who is covered by the bloodborne pathogen standard? The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure. In July 2015, a report was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. D Yeast infections, What pathogen causes diseases that are often spread through contaminated water? pa help po sagutan 10 words lang po ok na po thanks po Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. 12. Bloodborne Pathogens Answer Key 1. A Strep throat - produces protease. *Since viruses are not surrounded by a membrane, the membrane attack complex is ineffective against them. a. Section: 07.05, Which class of antibodies plays a role in activating the complement and clumping cells? *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? difficulty breathing, difficulty breathing Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. <> *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. (b) liquid partition. Inflammation is a response to infection or injury that helps the body heal. 3. acid pH of stomach Section: 07.05, All autoimmune diseases are caused strictly by environmental factors such as viral infections. A) the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. If it were positive, the site of the test would become hardened and red. Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. 28. What is one disease most children are vaccinated against? Section: 07.04, Before working at the hospital, Beth was given a Mantoux skin test to detect tuberculosis. Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? A. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. 17. Which type of disease is this? False, False Determine the free-vibration response of the triple pendulum shown in given figure for li=l(i=1,2,3)l_i=l(i=1,2,3)li=l(i=1,2,3) and mi=m(i=1,2,3)m_i=m(i=1,2,3)mi=m(i=1,2,3) for the initial conditions 1(0)=2(0)=0\theta_1(0)=\theta_2(0)=01(0)=2(0)=0, 3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)\theta_3(0)=\theta_{30}, \dot{\theta}_i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3). Can you place a Media in multiple MediaPlayers? Fungal and parasitic pathogens use pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors that are similar to those of bacterial pathogens. nonspecific IgE antibodies are responsible for the immediate allergic response and protection against parasitic worms. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. causing them to burst. Section: 07.02. Which pathogen is non-living? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Identify the similarities and differences between a lake and a stream. In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. If the lymph system did not do its job, what would be one of the consequences? *Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the inflammatory response. hepatitis True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. Calculate the outside air temperature. thymus and bone marrow Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. Blood splash to the nose Needle stick Through the air Blood exposure to skin that is chapped or abraded 7, Which of the following is the appropriate place to dispose of glass pieces from broken slides or ampules? A Mononucleosis endobj In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? 1 0 obj macrophages possess specific receptors. There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. destroying their nucleic acids. 7. -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. A __________ cannot live without its host for very long. Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. Which of the following are most likely to be pathogens a Macroparasites b. Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. A. degrade antibodies [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx Universal precautions c. Standard response a. Bacillus anthracis The bacterium was found on hospital sinks. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. myasthenia gravis, hay fever True The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. A . A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. ____ 1. D Protozoa, Which two diseases can be life threatening? pneumonia C Fungus histamine A. hemolysin a form of immune deficiency, anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body -The use of Personal A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? (b) How do they differ? Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. systemic lupus erythematosus period of illness = the time at which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. Example: The tounsts had an appomtment to meet with their nation's $\overset{\text{consul}}{\cancel{\text{counsel}}}$. Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Section: 07.02. B. capsule Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. ____ 1. Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? 9. If racing at sea level, find the velocity this cyclist can maintain. False b. 3. delayed allergic Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. Section: 07.02, In SCID, antibodies are missing but T cells function normally. ", "Hepatitis C, or HCV, has a high rate of chronic infection with an estimated _________ cases in the United States.". A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. *(g) chiral. Include a diagram in your explanation. The human leg can be compared to a physical pendulum, with a "natural" swinging period at which walking is easiest. Which of the following is a common and serious foodborne pathogen? Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . OSHA mandates that all employers are required to develop an Exposure Plan outlining what steps are to be taken to prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens. *(c) ion. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. False, False *Hay fever is a hypersensitivity. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. They are both forms of neutral immunity. IgA Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. B fungus. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; False, False Section: 07.05, An allergic response is an over reaction of the immune system. The relative risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is great. A bacterial infection called lyme disease is spread by what? Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . helps other immune responses. Multiple Choice. tuberculosis (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? A Cold and flu Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? a type of white blood cell As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. D. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. Section: 07.05, Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? a generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens. *(e) gel permeation. A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. % Definition. Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patients gum with a sharp instrument. Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. *T cells possess specific receptors that help them identify antigens. Organisms that lack chlorophyll and consist of reproductive spores and threadlike fibers represent what? The four main functions of inflammation are to protect the body from further damage, remove damaged tissue, repair tissue damage, and prevent the spread of infection. Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? sebaceous secretions What type of response is this? Eleanor Noss Whitney, Ellie Whitney, Frances Sizer, DIET200 Chapter 4: Digestion and Absorption. *Cytotoxic T cells contain perforin molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. 6. rheumatic fever Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Koch's postulates? Section: 07.03, The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body. "Unlike HBV for which a vaccination exists, currently there is no vaccination for HCV". anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body In this context, this means A(n) __________ pathogen causes disease only when conditions are favorable for the microorganism because of transfer to an inappropriate body site or weakened immunity in an individual. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. C Athlete's foot and ringworm *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. Neglect energy transfers with the environment. swelling He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. D antibodies. Section: 07.04. - it acts as a mutagen and carcinogen