scouting in australia facts

Top 10 Facts About Scouting Research highlights positive outcomes of Scouting participation. Believe in Myself - Joey Scouts wear a uniform shirt with navy blue panels, and tawny shoulders. Youth development in the organisation's programs is divided into several age group stages. In 1979, following years of disaffection and concerns that the organisation, like its parent organisation in the United Kingdom, would disband Rovers, the organisation formed its national Rover council, composed of Rovers (ages 18 to 25), appointed by each of its seven branch Rover councils. A federal council of state branch nominees was formed in 1922 to achieve co-operation and coordinated at a national level. The court referred to his manipulative and predatory actions, labelling his crimes as being "simply abhorrent". Your takeaway here should be that its understandably very difficult to track so many different Scouting organizations even with a central organization like the WOSM. associated with Boy Scouts Association after 1924. Prior to 2012, the Promise was: I promise that I will do my best; To do my duty to God, [30], Norfolk Island Boy Scouts, previously independent, registered with The Boy Scouts Association in May 1930. The 1st Devonport Scouts affiliated with the Baden-Powell Scouts in 1985. We provide opportunities that are adventurous, fun, challenging and inclusive. Though separate from its criminal database, it nonetheless allowed the organization to gather the IDs of numerous Americans. The 1st Devonport Scouts in Tasmania affiliated with the Baden-Powell Scouts in 1985. [31], The Australian Boy Scouts founded in 1910 had merged with the Imperial Boy Scouts to become Australian Imperial Boy Scouts (AIBS) by 1912. Scouts Australia was formed in 1958, is part of the global Scouting movement and is a national member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.Scouts Australia's programs were opened Gilwell Park Chingford London E4 7QW Tel + 44 (0)20 8433 7100 Fax + 44 (0)20 8433 7103 email info.centre@scouts.org.uk www.scouts.org.uk Scouting started in Awards for meritorious conduct are awarded for actions that may not have involved risking of life but still display courage, endurance, initiative, or devotion to duty, often under suffering. While a number of U.S. presidents were former Scouts (George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, John F. Kennedy) or even Scout leaders (FDR had been president of the Greater New York Council), only one president ever attained the honored status of Eagle Scout:Gerald Ford, who spoke warmly of the organization on several occasions and whose family even requested an honor guard of 200 Eagle Scouts for his funeral. natalie workman net worth. document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { The Baden-Powell Scouts in Australia has a number of sections catering for a wide age range. More recently,[clarification needed] participants have come from many faiths, although the majority of Scout groups promote an interfaith approach to religion. [11], In 1997, the organisation adopted the trading name Scouts Australia.[12][13]. 24 July 2017. Find out more about the Section of Scouting that is best for you here. Scouts Australia is part of the global Scouting movement and has been a national member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement since 1953. In 1958, when the Australian Boy Scouts Association was formed, it succeeded the Australian Federal Council of the Boy Scouts Association. [15] Despite this, youth participation rates and numbers continued to decline. Scouts Australia accepts the principles upon which Scouting worldwide is based. We will liaise with you to ensure we have the information necessary to cater for your childs individual medical, physical and dietary requirements. The relationship between the feds and the scouts goes way back. Scouting is a movement that helps young boys and girls with their physical, social and mental development. Australia BBS activities continued until 1950, while members continue to exist in the organisation to present date. The organisation operates in the non-sovereign Australian Indian Ocean Territories of: Two Scout troops in Singapore are affiliated with the organisation. Other Scouting organizations formed in 1909 were: Imperial Boy Scouts, Church Scout Patrols program of the Anglican Church Lads' Brigade, Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland, Girl Peace Scouts and YMCA Scouts.[18]. It was formed to encourage the expansion and development of Lord Baden-Powell's dream throughout the world by promoting unity and the understanding of Scouting's purpose and principles. This is demonstrated by the Joey Scout Law A Joey cares, a Joey shares. BSA Scouts, formerly known as the Boy Scouts of America, are one of many organizations that are part of the WOSM. Though you might think this was introduced during the peanut-farming craze sparked by President Jimmy Carter's election, in fact,the Nut Culture badge, which taught Scouts how to cultivate walnuts, almonds, pecans, and more, was discontinued in 1954decades before Carter even ran. Scouts Australia's Adult Leader Training now leads Adults to a Diploma of Leadership under the Australian Qualifications Framework. [29], In 1910 the CHUMS Scout Patrols merged with the BBS. To discover more amazing secrets about living your best life,click hereto follow us on Instagram! In fact, even 100 years later, Scouting is still being adopted in some countries. } else { The most prominent was the American Boy Scouts, formed by newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst in 1910 (a few months after the founding of BSA). I thought to do a bit of research into this topic as, when I was a scout, we actually went on a campout with an international troop visiting from Singapore. [29], The 1st Devonport Scouts went independent in 1981, ceasing affiliation with the BSA. Initially each Australian state branch was directly and individually responsible to scout headquarters in London. Several general scouts in exile groups also formed in this decade: Australian Association of Scouts in Exile (AASE) (NSW), Ethnic Scouts and Guides in Victoria (ESGAV) and Ethnic Scout and Guides of South Australia (ESGOSA). What is the World Organization of the Scout Movement? Rovers (17.5 - 26) is all about developing the social connections gained in earlier years in scouting and serving the community and the organisation.[15]. According to a 2014 media article, "Scouts Australia is hoping [to] arrest a steady decline in membership. The program aimed to provide 20,000 "extra eyes and ears for the police department.". Scouting fosters young peoples development and character socially, physically, intellectually, emotionally and spiritually. I earned my Eagle back in 2014, and along the way, learned how to be a dependable leader. 2,151,024 and Growing: That is the total number of men who have achieved the Eagle Scout rank since it was first awarded in 1912 to Arthur Eldred. scouting in australia factsgnar tapes allegations. In 2017, former scout leader Neville Budge was convicted of sexually abusing eight young boys between the years of 1995 and 2002, whilst working as a Scout leader in the Belmont and Geelong district, Victoria. [31], In 2011, the institute added a number of the SIS10 qualifications to its scope, and changes are occurring in the individual state branches to allow Adventurous Activity Leader training to also lead to the Certificate IV in Outdoor Recreation. Scouting was founded by Lord Robert Baden-Powell in 1907, and had arrived in Australia by 1908. In 1912, the Gippsland Boy Scout Association was formed and affiliated with the AIBS. Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts. The BSA sent Overseas Commissioners in the 1920s and 1930s, along with Baden-Powell in 1931 and 1934, to Australia in support of this effort. So too, our adult Leaders are recognised in an award scheme recognising their contributions to the Movement. scouting in australia factscomic companies bought by dc. In 1995, Girl Scouts of Japan introduced Long-Term Plan/Action Plans 1995-2000. After doing a bit of research into mainland Chinas Scouting program, I found that there is no current website for the Scout Association of the Peoples Republic of China. For decades, the BSA was known to refuse admittance of "girls, gays, and the godless." In 1986, the Independent Scouts were formed. Former scout leader Kim Richard Harvey was jailed for the sexual abuse of 15 teenage boys in Melbourne's South Eastern suburbs between the years of 1974 and 1989. Know someone with "foot-in-mouth disease"? For more information read our National Child Protection Policy. Initially, each Australian state branch was directly responsible to the Imperial Headquarters of the Boy Scouts Association in London. We thought 'That is so ridiculous,' so we made it a trend to buy that for our crew meetings. Scouts Australia is an accredited member of the World Organisation of the Scout Movement (WOSM), which has over 40 million members in 169 National Scout Organisations around the world. If so, you're in the right place! Common ideals are shared by recognising the roles of other leaders by the insignia on their uniforms. Joey Scouts is the section of Scouts Australia for boys and girls aged 5 to 7 (inclusive), often known simply as 'Joeys'. These awards can be nominated by anyone affiliated with Scouts Australia. Scouting started in Australia with some individual troops in Western Australia and Victoria in 1907. The Methodist Boy Scouts (WA) associated with Boy Scouts Association after 1924. Both of these famed (and very different) directors earned the rank of Eagle as young men. New Program Handbook - spiral bound printed version. The Federal Scout Council functioned as a branch of the British Boys Scout Association. We also welcome adult volunteer Scout Leaders. Its New South Wales Section formed that year. The primary focus is usually outdoor survival drills, and this training helps them to be more independent and be quick thinkers in case of an emergency. R.C. As a part of Scouts BSA, its easy to forget that there are so many more individuals just like us all around the world. With around 70,000 members, Scouts Australia is one of the largest youth development organisations in Australia. While the Blue Boy Scouts ceased operations in 1957. 50 Crazy Celebrity Facts You Won't Believe Are True. [2], Participation in the organisation's programs declined in the late 20th and early 21st centuries despite opening participation to girls and ever younger children and Australia having a high population growth rate, well above the world average. A twinning project with the Bangladesh Scouts, known as the "Bangladesh-Australia Child Health" (BACH) project made a dramatic impact on child health in project villages during its operation from 1986 to 1992. Scouts is all about fun, friendships and learning by doing. A further program review commenced in 2013. All Leaders are thoroughly screened, undergo the relevant State checks, and must hold a valid, verified Working with Children check. Scouting events deliver all three! scouting in australia factspcl curvature estimation. In 1928 Japan became a founder member of WAGGGS. Venturer Scouts (14.5 - 18) use the skills learnt in the later years of scouting through a system of self-governance. Scouts Australia is a trading name of The Scout Association of Australia, which is the largest scouting organisation in Australia, with an estimated 55,038 youth participants in 2021, and a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. The organisation was formed in 1958 under the name ' Australian Boy Scouts Association, as a branch of the Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom. [1] The only non-youth member of the Council is the Adviser who does not have any voting rights. Now, lets take a second to briefly recap the origins of the Scouting movement. . Scouts Australia is a trading name of The Scout Association of Australia, which is the largest scouting organisation in Australia, with an estimated 55,038 youth participants in 2021, and a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. [29] Scouts Australia provides fun youth development activities, building resilient and confident boys and girls aged 5 to 25 in the Joey Scout, Cub Scout, Scout, Venturer Scout and Rover Scout Sections. As with Awards for Gallantry, these awards are made by the Chief Scout of Australia to individuals or groups depending on the circumstances. Awards for Gallantry are made by the Chief Scout of Australia for actions involving risk, for example for saving someone from a burning building to individual participants or groups. A journalist based in Brooklyn, New York. [27] Scouting was established in Australia in 1908,[28] the year the first Boy Scout training handbook Scouting for Boys was published in England. The Joey Scout section is the first age section in the Australian Scout Movement and comes before Cub Scouts. Scouts has opportunities for the whole family to be involved. The Lone Scout Group is for the youth unable to attend or find a local Scout group. scouting in australia factsstellaris unbidden and war in heaven. [29] The IBS Victoria Section requested in September 1911 that the Minister of Defence allow IBS troops to undergo military cadet training under the military supervision, but were denied as being a voluntary association. Some of the differences between Scouts BSA and other international Scouting organizations are: Having met a few scouts from other international organizations, in my own experience it seems as though every Scouting program helps to instill a sense of responsibility and service in its members. The youngest section is Joey Scouts (6 - 8 Years). From as young as six, youth members can participate in an award scheme suitable for their age group. The Tasmanian, South Australia and West Australia Sections of the Boy Scout Association (BSA) are set up in 1920 and 1921. Lones can include people with impairments that inhibit attending regular meetings, people who are constant travellers or go to places at which they are unable to attend a group i.e. To see an example of how WOSM (And you as a scouter) helped impact the world in 2019, check out this quick video (1:53): Given that the WOSM has organizations in 216 different countries, itd be easier to name the countries that dont have Scouting programs! Although I didn't realize it at the time, Scouting helped shape my life! [36][37], In 2012, Steven Larkins, a former leader in New South Wales, was imprisoned for offences he had committed 15 years earlier. (Rule 13)]. James Marr and Norman Mooney were given the opportunity to hop aboard the Quest after winning a contest. These signs can't quit complaining to anyone who will listen. [18], Scout-like youth organisations and non-aligned Scouting organisations, International Scout and Guide units in Australia. Scouts Australia is a member of the World Organisation of the Scout Movement, the peak Scouting body with 167 member Scouting organisations from nearly all countries around the globe. What is the World Organization of the Scout Movement? Within the Movement the adult uniform enables the leaders to be closely identified with those they lead. Watch this quick video (7:00) for more exposure to Scouting around the world: With over 50 million members, the Scouting movement continues to grow and give back to communities everywhere. All Scouts in Australia make the Australian Scout Promise and agree to follow the Australian Scout Law which outline our values, and are the foundations of the Scouting program. National Youth Council Operations Manual, Scouts Australia, May 2010, Annual Report To The Nation 2010, Scouts Australia, June 2010, p14, Policy and Rules of the Scout Association of Australia 2008), Policy and Rules of the Scout Association of Australia 2008. It's no secret, some Eagle-required merit badges are harder to earn than others. Hopefully, you'll learn a few things along the way and make the best of your time in Scouting. The Scout movement was started by Lord Baden Powell, a past British Lieutenant General, in the year 1908. Scouts has opportunities for the whole family to be involved. The Value And Benefits of Scouting (58 Highlights From Scouts). Scouts Australia delivers World Scoutings fundamentals through a program designed around the Australian context. Australia BBS activities continued until 1950, while members continue to exist in the organization to present date. And for more facts you won't believe, check out the50 Facts About America That Most Americans Don't Know. Another one of the badges shows a burger with a candle in it, which is a tribute to Merritt Bakery, an old school bakery and restaurant on the south end of Lake Merritt in Oaklandand there's a production story behind its inclusion. Many Scout groups have been formed within existing communities and specific religious traditions as "sponsored groups",[20] such as Coptic Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Islamic and Jewish. Since William Howard Taft was named the BSA's first honorary president in 1910, the president of the United States has always been named the honorary president of the Boy Scouts of America. Every Scout should know this motto! Baden-Powell visited Australia in 1912 and in later years (1927, 1931 and 1934) to encourage the extension of the movement in Australia.[3]. Cookies help us deliver our services. In 1996 Scouts Australia became a registered training organisation (RTO), trading as the Scouts Australia Institute of Training (SAIT). The Methodist Boy Scouts (W.A.) In 1967, the national organisation was incorporated by Royal Charter. In 1922, the Boy Scouts Association formed its Australian Federal Council, consisting of nominees of its Australian state branches, to achieve cooperation and coordination at a national level. It was formed in 1958 and incorporated in 1967. 055 571430 - 339 3425995 sportsnutrition@libero.it . Scouts Australia provides fun youth development activities, building resilient and confident boys and girls aged 5 to 25 in the Joey Scout, Cub Scout, Scout, Venturer Scout and Rover Scout Sections. Learn from my experiences. Scouts Australia was called before the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse for its failures in handling complaints against its leaders. Do What is Right - Lets quickly run through some of the similarities shared amongst global Scouting programs: While Scouting may have many similarities between countries, each country has also been able to put their own unique spin on some of Scoutings practices. The colour for the leaders' shirt is dark blue. In 1958, the adjuration of the Australian Boys Scout Association took place. Packer and the Sunday Times in 1908 supported the formation of the Legion of Boy Scouts. The Movement in South Australia now has about 500 members, comprising three groups in the metropolitan Adelaide area. Since that time, Lord Baden-Powells vision has grown into one of the Worlds largest youth development movements. You can find the most [] Each Scouting organization has its own unique culture, yet all of Scouting can be traced back to the radical ideas of one person. The national body later appointed an Australian Commissioner. The more obscure activities of Pigeon Raising and Beekeeping were eventually discontinued altogether. All Rights Reserved. A former Scout himself, the famed American artist made no secret of being a fan of the organization and all it represented. Unfortunately Girl Scouting was banned by the Government during World War II, but its spirit remained. The program encouraged local police departments to recruit Boy Scouts as informants, so they could watch out for unusual activity in their neighbors' homes, loitering, or other suspicious behavior. It was composed of just 25 Scouts, Venturers, and Rovers, met face to face twice a year and online throughout the rest of the year. Having personally been a Boy Scout, in this article, I'll be sharing All Eagle-Required Merit Badges: Difficulty Rankings in 2023. Producer Jonas Rivera explains: "Pete and I, when we work on a film, we go almost every week at night (to Merritt Bakery) to sit at the counter and eat cake and talk about the movie. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. While the League of Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, Queensland Section changes names again to Boy Scouts Association, Queensland Section. xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8'); Morgan, Queensland went independent in 1939 after being a part of the Boys' Brigade Scouts from 1910 to 1927 and affiliated League of Boy Scouts over the same period; then a part of the Boy Scout Association from 1934. We also welcome adult volunteer Scout Leaders. An Australian Scout Jamboree has been held every three years since 1934 except for the years of the Second World War. Australia became a member of the World Scout Organisation of Scout Movements (WOSM) in 1953 in its own right, and not as a branch of the British Scout Association. [29] On 31 August 1932, the AIBS signed an agreement with the BSA of Australia to merge. The youth award scheme in Australian Scouting consists of awards for proficiency in an adventurous activity, participation in major events, recognition of service, gallantry and meritorious service, and for the practice of Scouting[23] (Queen's Scout, Baden-Powell Award, etc.). Check out some of the major national Scouting events and opportunities on offer. Scouts Australia is a 70,000 strong organisation and is part of the 40million member World Organisation of the Scout Movement. chammykoggala@gmail.com A twinning project with the Bangladesh Scouts, known as the "Bangladesh-Australia Child Health" (BACH) project, made a dramatic impact on child health in project villages during its operation from 1986 to 1992. In response to World and Regional Scout Conferences held prior to 2000, Scouts Australia established a National Youth Council to engage youth members in national operations and to provide opportunities for these representatives: Positions were first advertised at the 19th Australian Jamboree held at Cataract Scout Park in Sydney in January 2001 and by April of that same year, the first 30 Scouts, Venturers, Rovers and Young Leaders had been chosen to represent the youth population of Scouts Australia. We provide an experience that is all about connecting with the outdoors; building new and existing friendships; learning new skills; and helping create a better world. by 1912. Adult Recognition Awards (formerly Good Service Awards) are presented each year by the Chief Scout of each branch and are presented for service to Scouting over and above what is expected of someone who is simply carrying out the duties of their position. This publication explains all aspects of the Australian . Briefly, they were that a Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, and clean. There are two versions of the Australian Scout Promise which individuals may choose to select: To contribute to my community and our world. We pay our respect to their elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. To see if you have the mindset necessary to succeed in Scouting, check out my article on the 9 signs youll be a successful scout, here. "[39], Mark Geoffrey Fisher, the scoutmaster at 1st Hunters Hill troop in New South Wales from 1969 to 1988, pleaded guilty to charges of 35 sex offences involving eight boys aged between 11 and 15 between 1971 and 1988.[39]. A Boy Scout in England, David Bowie (ne Jones) turned his fellow attendees to the Bromley Scouts Annual Camp into his first audience (not considering turns in the choir of his local church). The Blue Boy Scouts of Mt. The Boys' Brigade (BB) Scouts program ended in 1927 while the Catholic Boy Scouts' Association is formed the same year by the Society of St Vincent de Paul in New South Wales and Queensland. Scouting came to Australia in 1908, [2] the year the first Boy Scout training handbook "Scouting for Boys" was published in England. [35], Baden-Powell's scouting organisation finally extended itself to Australia almost five years after founding, known as the Baden-Powell Boy Scouts in 1914 later rename to the Boy Scouts Association. aka founders who became delta's. scouting in australia factspvusd governing board. The age groups encourage movement through the sections as the youth matures. CHUMS Scout Patrols started forming in Australia in 1908 due to the circulation of CHUMS publication there. February 8 is National Boy Scouts Day. Currently, around 4/5ths of Scouting groups worldwide accept both males and females! [29], In the 1950s, the British Boy Scouts ceased being an active group but continued with members. As Fred Forbes, Scout Executive of the Honolulu Council, wrote in a brief telegram explaining the response: "Honolulu Scouts and Scouters in emergency actioncommunication, first aid, general assistance, helpfulness. Lones include people with disabilities and are therefore unable to attend regular group meetings, people who are constant travellers or go to places at which they are unable to attend a group i.e. The young people always assume many constructive roles in the society. [18] The Blue Boy Scouts ceased operations in 1957.[18][21]. [7] The Chief Scout of each state branch had usually been the governor of the state. Sorry, Indy! What makes us unique is our diverse range of activities that develop skills in young people such as leadership, teamwork, problem solving and communication from the age of 5 years old. Also open to girls: The Exploring program, Sea Scouts, and STEM Scouts. Part of the Russian- Australian Community", "Welcome to Homenetmen Australia Regional website", "Plast Ukrainian Scouting Organisation in Australia", "Sponsorship package for the 9th international Jamboree of Vietnamese Scouting", Victoria Scout Heritage Centre - How Scouting began, "Mt. Over the course of the program, we provide increasing opportunities for our members to take the initiative with youth leading, adult supporting one of our fundamental goals. The Chair of the National Youth Council is a full member of the Scouts Australia National Council and therefore has voting rights on the National Operations Committee and National Executive Committee. boarding school or isolated communities.[16]. To name two: Canada (which loosened up its "No Girls Allowed" policy in 1992, changing its name to Scouts Canada in 2007) and England (birthplace of the Scouting movement, where girls have been allowed since 1991). Scouting started in Australia with some individual troops in Western Australia and Victoria in 1907. Policy and Rules of the Scout Association of Australia 2012. The core uniform is a dark blue shirt with the relevant youth Section colour across the sleeves, yoke and collar; a blue or moss-green belt (white for sea scouts); scarf and woggle. Find out more about the Section of Scouting that is best for you here. Lord Robert Baden-Powellthe man who created the very idea of Scouting and helped to launch an international movementprobably would've seemed a little weird today. Packer and the Sunday Times in 1908 supported the formation of the Legion of Boy Scouts . [13] Each branch maintains its own structure and operational methodologies and rules. Find out more about our Vision, our Mission and our Values as outlined in the National Policy and Rules. 10 Things to Know About Eagle Scouts 1. if( 'moc.enilnoefiltseb' !== location.hostname.split('').reverse().join('') ) { In January 1990 they became legally incorporated in South Australia under the name "Baden-Powell Association Inc". June 11, 2022 . Until next time, I'm wishing you all the best on your journey to Eagle and beyond! Each branch has been incorporated by State Acts of Parliament. In many countries in Asia like Indonesia. While the program that I was involved in, the Scouts BSA, was based in the United States, I found that Scouting exists in over 216 countries and takes on many different forms! The Movement started in Australia in two isolated places, each without the knowledge of the other. (Rule 13)]. Additional sections were formed over the years: Tasmanian, South Australia and West Australia (1920/1921), Victorian (1923), and the Queensland Branch in 1926 with the merger of the Boy Scout's Association, Queensland Section. We also welcome adult volunteer Scout Leaders. SHOP ONLINE. xhr.open('POST', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/collect', true); Awards for meritorious conduct are awarded for actions that may not have involved risking of life but still display courage, endurance, initiative or devotion to duty, often under suffering. In 2015, the actor Shane Jacobson was appointed as the Chief Scout of the Victorian branch. The head of Scouts Australia, "Dr. Bruce Munro, apologised to the families of those abused after The Sydney Morning Herald obtained a copy of a 14-page report written by a senior Scout leader in 1981 that detailed serious allegations of Corrie abusing four boys, one aged 12 at the time. In writing this article, I was eager to learn about Scouting around the world and answer all of the questions I had about scouts in other countries. Girl Guides were started on Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands in 1927.[19]. Briefly, they were that a Scout is trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, and clean. What makes us unique is our diverse range of activities that develop skills in young people such as leadership, teamwork, problem solving and communication from the age of 5 years old. Norfolk Island Boy Scouts formed in 1922. There's some Oakland love in the movie.". World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland, http://www.guidesaus.org.au/page.php?pageid=19, http://www.boy-scout.net/en/page3/page3.html, http://www.scouts.com.au/main.asp?iStoryID=754, http://salvos.org.au/get-involved/childrens-activities/, "SAGALA Youth and Children's Ministries", http://www.salvationarmy.org.au/SALV/LANDING/PC_61318.html, http://www.kmcssz.org/contents/visitors/ourlocations_byregion.html, "NATIONAL ORGANISATION OF RUSSIAN SCOUTS Who Are We?