The circumference of the Earth is the length or distance measured around it. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Asked By: Lena Frontelo | Last Updated: 18th May, 2020, Earth is the third planet from the sun. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. The following is a partial list of models of Earth's surface, ordered from exact to more approximate: In the case of the geoid and ellipsoids, the fixed distance from any point on the model to the specified center is called "a radius of the Earth" or "the radius of the Earth at that point". The various radii derived here use the notation and dimensions noted above for the Earth as derived from the WGS-84 ellipsoid;[6] namely. What is the formula to find radius of Earth? Have Bugged an area Rock to pay attention In on Earthlings? The reason for keeping those older values was GPS. How many miles is a meter in scientific notation? The nominal radius serves as a unit of length for astronomy. Mass (10 24 kg) 5.9722 Volume (10 10 km 3) 108.321 Equatorial radius (km) 6378.137 Polar radius (km) 6356.752 Volumetric mean radius (km) 6371.000 Core radius (km) 3485 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.003353 Mean density (kg/m 3) 5513 Surface gravity (m/s 2) 9.798 Surface acceleration (m/s 2) 9.780 Escape velocity (km/s) 11.186 GM (x 10 6 km 3 /s 2) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} How do you find the radius of the earth from the circumference? The distance between locations are also part of the total circumference of the Earth. This video explains how humans managed to measure the circumference of the earth long long ago using simple math, reasoning and assumptions. Surface Gravity Metric: 9.80665 m/s 2 English: 32.041 ft/s 2 Escape Velocity Metric: 40,284 km/h English: 25,031 mph Scientific Notation: 1.119 x 10 4 m/s Sidereal Rotation Period 0.99726968 Earth Days 23.934 Hours Surface Temperature Metric: -88/58 (min/max) C English: -126/136 (min/max) F Scientific Notation: 185/331 (min/max) K In physics, it is established that the acceleration due togravity, g (in meters/sec 2), at a height h meters abovesea level is given by g(h)= 3.99 *10 14 (6.374* 10 6 + h) 2 where 6.374 * 10 6 isthe radius of the Earth in meters. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Earth is the third planet from the sun. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! 0 4.23 x 10 7 m - 6.37 x 10 6 m . Earth's diameter is simply twice Earth's radius; for example, equatorial diameter (2a) and polar diameter (2b). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Around 1690, Isaac Newton and Christiaan Huygens argued that Earth was closer to an oblate spheroid than to a sphere. Let us calculate area of earth using this formula area=4x22/76370= 5.110 4. , After many, many years, you will have some intuition for the physics you studied. If no sub- or superscripts appear on this page - for example, if the "Mass" is given in units of "(1024 kg)" - you may want to check the notes on the sub- and superscripts. {\displaystyle r} He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. The Earth can be modeled as a sphere in many ways. Its "up" direction there is shown with a black segment: it is, by definition, perpendicular to the ellipse at that point. In a geocentric ellipsoid, the center of the ellipsoid coincides with some computed center of Earth, and best models the earth as a whole. The adolescent protagonists of the sequence, Enrique and Rosa, are Arturos son and , The payout that goes with the Nobel Prize is worth $1.2 million, and its often split two or three ways. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Now we know 2 things- 1. , which is defined to be 6,378.1km (3,963.2mi). The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". 2 h is the transmitting antenna height above the ground,. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. N . What is the fluid speed in a fire hose with a 9.00 cm diameter carrying 80.0 l of water per second? What is the permiter of the Earth? 1. Measure the angle of the shadow of your meter stick when the sun is overhead and the shadow is smallest, often known as local noon (when the sun is exactly north-south in the sky at its highest point). Ocean Worlds Resources. T arrow_forward. In general, this points to an important conclusion about nature itself. = Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. Measurement of Earths circumference has been important to navigation since ancient times. You need to ask yourself questions and then do problems to answer those questions. This measurement also introduces another fun source of error that actually comes from the motion of Earth and other similar planetary bodies in the solar system. [ Eratosthenes estimated Earth's circumference at about 46,250 kilometers (28,735 miles). | N View this answer. r Furthermore, the bulge in the equator shows slow variations. The average light travel time to the earth is 8.3 minutes. {\displaystyle F=f=0} At the equator, = 0 and this arc length = 111.32 km, nearly. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". It is with the values I gave you. The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. What you need is to convert a meter into degrees since long/lat is a polar coordinate system.With the circumference of Earth being 40,075 km, you get 0.00000898315 deg/m which you need to multiply with the size of the object (1 m) to get the degrees which you have to add to your coordinate to get a point which intersects with the radius of . According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, Measure the Earth with Shadows, the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. The geoid height variation is under 110m (360ft) on Earth. The accelerationwhich is gained by an object because of gravitational forceis called its acceleration due to gravity. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 7564mi). It is a physical constant which represents the most probable distance between the electron and the nucleus in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. Go farther. [24] Claudius Ptolemy around 150AD gave empirical evidence supporting a spherical Earth,[25] but he accepted the lesser value attributed to Posidonius. View a sample solution. stands for the radius of the Earth. The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. state. = The equatorial radius is most commonly used to calculate the volume of Earth, so as not to leave out any territory. How to Calculate the Circumference of the Earth? High School Students Measure New Value for Earths Radius to Celebrate World Physics Year. The typical Earth radius (RE) can also be comparable to about 6,371 kilometers (km) (an SI unit of length), or 3,440 maritime miles (nmi) (a maritime unit of length), or roughly 3,959 miles (mi) or 20,902,231 ft (foot), that are US customary / Imperial units of length. At what distance above the surface of earth, the gravitational force will be reduced by 10%, if the radius of earth is 6370 Km. Has got the radius of Earth mysteriously grown by about 3%? George has always been passionate about physics and its ability to explain the fundamental workings of the universe. In simple words, radius refers to that line, which originates from any point of the circle and touches the centre point the circle. Then convert km - m. 1 km = 1000 m. 12 756 km = ? The size of a frictional force is given by F, start subscript, f, end subscript, is less than or equal to, mu, R,FfR where R is the magnitude of the normal reaction force between the two surfaces and is the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces. where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion TableEarths Equatorial RadiusMeter (m)0. r Added 2022-02-06 15:04:59 subject Physics by rsa072001. Arc length of more general surface curves, such as meridian arcs and geodesics, can also be derived from Earth's equatorial and polar radii. However, for purposes of uniformity and use in geophysics and astronomy, the nominal earth radius is used, which is about 6, 371 km. ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. to the plane tangent at These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Exercises. On solving the circumference of the earth we get 39,350 kilometres. Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. In Eratosthenes case, the distance was 787 kilometers, so for him, the following relation applied: where x = the circumference of the Earth in kilometers. The radius of orbit indicates the distance that the satellite is from the center of the earth. r Video advice: How We Calculated the Radius of Earth. When considering the Earth's real surface, on the other hand, it is uncommon to refer to a "radius", since there is generally no practical need. Earth's polar radius is 3,950 miles (6,356 km) a difference of 13 miles (22 km). Given you're looking for a simple formula, this is probably the simplest way to do it, assuming that the Earth is a sphere with a circumference of 40075 km. For the WGS84 ellipsoid, that's respectively: Earth's circumference equals the perimeter length. 5.98 10 24 kg. Radius of planet R = 2 x radius of earth = 2 x 6.4 x 10 6 m. G = gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10-11 N m 2 /kg 2. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. What is the number in scientific notation? The height above sea level of the location is added. This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. Instant free online tool for Earths equatorial radius to meter conversion or vice versa. Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6,356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi). [2] Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. This is roughly 6,371 kilometers (km) or 3,960 statute miles. for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. Earth radius at sea level is 6378.137 km (3963.191 mi) at the equator. , For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371.0008km (3,958.7564mi). Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. also corresponds to the radius of (global) mean curvature, obtained by averaging the Gaussian curvature, However, other factors such as the rotation of the Earth also contribute to the net acceleration. That's almost 32 Earths. The equation for Keplers Third Law is P = a, so the period of a planets orbit (P) squared is equal to the size semi-major axis of the orbit (a) cubed when it is expressed in astronomical units. cos r . The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) provides three reference values: the mean radius (R1) of three radii measured at two equator points and a pole; the authalic radius, which is the radius of a sphere with the same surface area (R2); and the volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere having the same volume as the ellipsoid (R3). The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. First week only $6.99! d Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi).[17]. 2. 6 m0. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Because the Earth isnt perfectly spherical but instead an oblate spheroid, our planet radius is larger in the equator than in the rods. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. He was the first one to use the word geography and he also had a small-scale notion of the planet that helped him to determine the circumference of the earth. For Eratosthenes, the arc was 7.2 degrees. The mathematical expressions above apply over the surface of the ellipsoid. 3.2.2.2Non-directional 4Global radii 4.1Nominal radius 4.2Arithmetic mean radius 4.3Authalic radius 4.4Volumetric radius 4.5Rectifying radius 5Topographical radii 5.1Topographical extremes 5.2Topographical global mean 6Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume 7Published values 8History 9See also 10Notes 11References Acceleration due to gravity is a vector, which means it has both a magnitudeand a direction. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? This is the outside layer of the earth and is made of solid rock, mostly basalt and granite. A Just how much is really a trillion in scientific notation? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Earth's volume, or that of the reference ellipsoid, is V = 4/3a2b. The current best estimate for the mass of the Earth is M = 5.97221024 kg, with a standard uncertainty of 61020 kg (relative uncertainty 104). 6,371 kmEarth / RadiusAccording to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth with Shadows", the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. Ans. \text {Circumference} = 39,350 \text {\ kilometers} Circumference = 39,350 kilometers. In this state, it would have approximately the same mass as it has now, but its radius would be equal to the radius of the Earth. This length is also used as a unit of distance, especially in astronomy and geology, where it is usually denoted by R. Comment document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a9a1dd2ca0d2b09469aaaff6808fc4c3" );document.getElementById("ae49f29f56").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Both of these values are very close to the accepted modern values for the Earths circumference and radius, 40,070 km and 6378 km respectively, which have since been measured by orbiting spacecraft. You have to find the circumference. The radius R of a nucleus of mass number A can be estimated by the formula R = (1.3 1015)A 1/3 m. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Earth's rocky mantle and metallic core make it the densest planet, at 5.513 grams per cubic centimeter. How do you solve for radius and diameter? [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers. Venus is covered by a thick, rapidly spinning atmosphere, creating a scorched world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead and a surface pressure 90 times that of Earth. Therefore, the Earth radius isn't constant, but it can be calculated for every location. The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. At room temperature, it will go from a solid to a gas directly. Earth, on the other hand, isn't quite a sphere. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Its SIunit is m/s2. . The bulge had been decreasing, but since 1998 the bulge has increased, possibly due to redistribution of ocean mass via currents. [2] All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi). With 1o = 180 radian. 2 The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Most experts think planet Earth can support about 10 billion people, and that when our population reaches that number, it will start to decline. How do you find the radius of a gravitational field? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Through derivation, we find a logical connection between a natural phenomenon and a mathematical description of that phenomenon. EARTH RADIUS meaning & explanation. Its volume is 803.84 cubic meters. While specific values differ, the concepts in this article generalize to any major planet. University of Texas: Eratosthenese Finds Diameter of Earth, Partner in a distant location on about the same longitude or in the same time zone. What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? And we divide that by Pi times 9.00 centimeters written as meters so centi is prefix meaning ten times minus two and we square that diameter. One reason that our program is so strong is that our . Does Bohrs model explain radius of an orbit? Equatorial radius a (called semi-major axis), and polar radius b (called semi-minor axis); a and eccentricity e; a and flattening f. WGS 84 defines ellipsoid parameters as: Semi-major axis a = 6378137.0 meters. earthRadius Where R is the radius of the Earth. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. A meter is a meter, no matter what your zoom level is. r . Since Earth is roughly spherical, calculating its volume is relatively simple. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {eE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} It was there that he first had the idea to create a resource for physics enthusiasts of all levels to learn about and discuss the latest developments in the field. The diameter is the distance from side to side, if you. Copyright 2022 - Science-Atlas.com. The actual radius of the earth is 6,378.1 kilometers at the equator, but the radius varies because the earth is a somewhat flattened sphere. Earth's polar radius is 3950 miles (Diameter = 7900 miles). Surveyors today use a variety of instruments and calculations to determine the size of the Earth and collect other relevant data. Find the level of Earth in cubic meters. Convert the Earth-Sun distance of 93,000,000 miles into. {\displaystyle K=\kappa _{1}\,\kappa _{2}={\frac {\det \,B}{\det \,A}}} {\displaystyle r} 257. Equatorial radius is conventionally used as the nominal value unless the polar radius is explicitly required. Step 2 of 5. West can be exchanged for east in this discussion. Escape velocity = = 22.4 km/sec. b : the third and usually largest vein of an insect's wing. ( That's between 28 and 29 Earths. Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the Earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? The following equation estimates the ellipsoid radius ( r s ) using flattening ( f ) , geocentric latitude ( s ) , and equatorial radius ( R ) : r s = R 2 1 + [ 1 / ( 1 f ) 2 1 ] sin 2 s . Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". So, radius of nth orbit is rn=rn2, as Z=1 for H atom. The orbit is not a perfect circle. The radius of a chlorine atom is approximately meters. A consequence is that a distance to the true horizon at the equator is slightly shorter in the northsouth direction than in the eastwest direction. The Earth's Gaussian radius of curvature at latitude is:[12]. A nominal Earth radius is sometimes used as a unit of measurement in astronomy and geophysics, which is recommended by the International Astronomical Union to be the equatorial value.[1]. ), In geophysics, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) defines the Earth's arithmetic mean radius (denoted R1) to be[2], The factor of two accounts for the biaxial symmetry in Earth's spheroid, a specialization of triaxial ellipsoid. Hence the required distance is. Using the following data: the volume of a sphere = (4/3) (pi)R 3 Radius of the earth= 6.3106 m. Mass of earth= 5.9742 10 24 kilograms. This equation for acceleration can , Dry ice is the name for carbon dioxide in its solid state. = Hence, the Earth deviates from a perfect sphere by only a third of a percent, which supports the spherical model in most contexts and justifies the term "radius of the Earth". As such, they are topographical geocentric distances, Rt, which depends not only on latitude. Andrew Blum gives some tips that could students in the high-school class in Clinton, Mississippi because they focus on the Eratosthenes project. is normal to the surface at Your email address will not be published. (The notation is defined such that it can be easily generalized for other planets; e.g., His highly influential work, the Almagest,[26] left no doubt among medieval scholars that Earth is spherical, but they were wrong about its size. At Baltimore, = 39.48o and the length is 111.16 km, nearly. [2], For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371.0008km (3,958.7564mi).[13]. The Earth's azimuthal radius of curvature, along an Earth normal section at an azimuth (measured clockwise from north) and at latitude , is derived from Euler's curvature formula as follows:[12]:97. One can only adopt an idealized model. The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes,[citation needed]. The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers, Eratosthenes used the ancient Greek measurement of stadia, but his calculations use the proportionality of angles between two locations, so any system of measurement will work.
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