facts about sophocles

However, modern scholars are skeptical of this etymology."}}]}. These few facts are about all that is known of Sophocles life. Despite this, his epitaph makes no mention of his plays - only his soldiering. In one of his last plays, Oedipus at Colonus, he still affectionately praises both his own birthplace and the great city itself. David is passionate about quality-focused journalism and has worked in the publishing industry for over 10 years. Cartwright, M. (2013, September 29). Sophocles of Kolnos (c. 496 - c. 406 BCE) was one of the most famous and celebrated writers of tragedy plays in ancient Greece and his surviving works, written throughout the 5th century BCE, include such classics as Oedipus Rex, Antigone, and Women of Trachis. Sophocles is also unsurpassed in his moments of high dramatic tension and in his revealing use of tragic irony. Plato. He accepted the gods of Greek religion in a spirit of unreflecting orthodoxy, and he contented himself with presenting human characters and human conflicts. His most popular plays also known as the Theban Plays are Oedipus and Antigone. The play is known for its complex plot and use of dramatic devices such as irony and foreshadowing. Sophocles died aged 90 years old in 406 BCE. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. While some of his public service may seem beyond his professional experience as a dramatist, Athenian democracy nevertheless demanded that its citizens take part in all aspects of government. Sophocles was elected as a commissioner in 413 BC during the Peloponnesian War to respond to the destruction in Sicily of the Athenian expeditionary force. 2. Sophocles was the most famous and most celebrated dramatic playwright for almost 50 years in Athens during the Dionysia and the Lanaea, which were religious festivals. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Sophocles wrote the play Antigone to discuss the conflict between religious law and civil law. It's likely that managers who say, " bring me solutions, not problems " dodge complaints and criticism to avoid time-consuming conflicts and tiresome tension. He developed his characters to a greater extent than earlier playwrights such as Aeschylus. The most famous of Sophocles' tragedies are those concerning (relating to, being about) Oedipus and Antigone: these are often known as the Theban plays, although each play was actually a part of different tetralogy, the other members of which are now lost. "Sophocles." Sophocles Facts 9: the first victory in drama competition. The use of three actors (playing multiple roles and wearing masks) was a major breakthrough as now much more sophisticated plots became possible. Sophocles dramatizes the story of the death of Hercules in The Trachinae (413 B.C.) Creon was a seen a tyrant who did for what he believed to be right. Omissions? The Suda, which is an ancient 10th Century encyclopedia, from . When he's not writing or spending time with his family, David enjoys playing basketball and golfing. Notice how sadly, and with what a cloud upon here eyes, the old woman is approaching us to tell us something. Oedipus the King unfolds as a murder mystery, a political thriller, and a psychological whodunit. As I have stated before, there were seven plays of Sophocles survived. Thank you! Sophocles Facts. In 468 B.C., his play Triptolemus took first prize for tragedy, while Aeschylus' play came in second. The play tells the story of Oedipus, a man who unwittingly murders his father and marries his mother. He was born a few years before the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, however, the exact year is unclear. Oedipus the King (430 B.C. The meaning of the name is, as in the case of the masculine equivalent Antigonus, "worthy of one's parents" or "in place of one's . Sophocles won perhaps as many as 24 victories, compared to 13 for Aeschylus and four for Euripides, and indeed he may have never received lower than second place in the competitions he entered. Other techniques he used to convey meaning and emphasis were dramatic entrances and exits of actors and the repeated use of significant props such as the urn in Electra and the sword in Ajax. These stories are widely considered to be among the best works of Ancient Greek literature and have been studied and discussed by scholars for centuries. Despite all his public service, though, Sophocles remained first and last a dramatist. He believed that fate was something that couldn’t be changed and that people should accept what was going to happen. He had lived to experience both the Persian War triumphs and the bloodbath of the Peloponnesian War. This conflict between civil law and religious law is something that was happening in Sophocles’ time, and he wanted to explore it through his play. Sophocles also wrote over 120 plays during his lifetime, many of which are still studied and performed today. His plays were known for their strong character development, use of a third actor, and reduced reliance on the Chorus. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! The real power of "Oedipus Rex" is that it illustrates the way people unwittingly create the fate they fear and abhor. Matthew Stein Ms. Worrall Lit AP 23 September 2015 Ten Facts about Oedipus Rex 1. Sophocles was born into a wealthy family and was well-educated. These are Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone.. Sophocles most famous tragedies featured Antigone and Oedipus. Greg Heffley facts are very useful for people who love to read novel. Only $35.99/year. Rich language, highly formalised but with flexibility added by running over sentences and including segments of more 'natural' speech, and the unusual use of pauses result in Sophocles achieving a greater rhythm, fluidity, and dramatic tension than his contemporaries. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Different readers may have different preferences. Sophocles featured the rural community where he was born in one of his plays - Hippeiois Colonus in Attica. In Oedipus at Colonus, the banished Oedipus and his daughters Antigone and Ismene arrive at the town of Colonus where they encounter Theseus, King of Athens. His play Philoctetus (409 B.C.E) shows the conflict between man and the society and the cruelties of the society when it no longer need the man. He has the five elements that make him the tragic hero . 1. Web. His birth took place a few years before the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC: the exact year is unclear, although 497/6 is perhaps most likely. E Wilson Consilience: "jumping together" facts/fact based theory - create common ground of explanation - unite the sciences and the humanities in a way that would take human knowledge and understanding to a new level of cooperation and collaboration.-Sophocles: Oedipus Rex play -Homer: The lliad - Greek / Roman Architecture: post-and-lintel . 4. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. He was a state treasurer (hellenotamiai) between 443 and 442 BCE and a general (alongside Pericles) involved with putting down the revolt on Samos in c. 441 BCE. Year after year, Sophocles' tragedies gained recognition as among the best dramas written at a time when competition was at its highest. Before the deaths of Oedipus and his sons, he dedicated himself to art patronage but has now surrendered himself entirely to the throne. His father was a highly educated person. Sophocles was greatly inspired by the Greek poet Homer, who wrote the great epics The Odyssey and The Iliad. The great words of boasters are always punished with great blows, and as they grow old teach them wisdom. He competed in dramatic festivals, where he defeated Aeschylus to win his first . His father was an armor manufacturer and Sophocles was highly educated. Introduction - Oedipus Story. Indepth Facts: Setting (time) All three plays are set in the mythical past of ancient Greece. The Power of Fate in the Oedipus Trilogy. He is known best for what he wrote about Oedipus, the mythological figure who proved central to Freud and the history of psychoanalysis. Birth City: Athens. ), generally regarded as Sophocles' masterpiece, presents the myth of Oedipus, the man fated to kill his father and marry his mother. As the play goes on we figure out that the tragic hero is Creon. Sophocles was an ancient Greek playwright, born in Colonus near Athens, Greece in 496 B.C.E. Best Known For: Euripides was one of the great Athenian playwrights and poets of ancient . Thus the stage is set for horrors. Sophocles of Kolnos (c. 496 - c. 406 BCE) was one of the most famous and celebrated writers of tragedy plays in ancient Greece and his surviving works, written throughout the 5th century BCE, include such classics as Oedipus Rex, Antigone, and Women of Trachis.. As with other Greek plays, Sophocles' work is not only a record of Greek theatre but also provides an invaluable insight into many . The Role Women Play in Oedipus Rex By Sophocles 7. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "Sophocles is best kown for his play Oedipus the King, which is considered one of the greatest Greek tragedies. She convinced Semele to ask Zeus to reveal himself in his true form. His father is said to have been a tradesman or tavern-keeper, his mother a seller of herbs. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. The people assume that he was born in 497 or 496 for he was born before the battle of Marathon in 490 BC.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'myinterestingfacts_com-banner-1','ezslot_7',114,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-myinterestingfacts_com-banner-1-0'); Sophocles was not from a poor family. His father, Sophillus, was a wealthy weapons-maker and a leading citizen. Sophocles, (born c. 496 bce, Colonus, near Athens [Greece]died 406, Athens), with Aeschylus and Euripides, one of classical Athenss three great tragic playwrights. His father, Sophillus, was a wealthy weapons-maker and a leading citizen. In the play, Antigone goes against the king’s orders and buries her brother Polynices, even though he is a traitor. Sophocles was also a great user of theatrical metaphor, for example, blindness in the Oedipus plays and bestiality in Women of Trachis, and his work in general sought to provoke and disturb the audience from their ready acceptance of what is 'normal' and what is not, forcing them through the play's characters to make difficult or even impossible choices. The criticism has been made that Sophocles was a superb artist and nothing more; he grappled neither with religious problems as Aeschylus had nor with intellectual ones as Euripides had done. Aeschylus won 13 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 4 competitions. They are still studied and performed today because they continue to speak to universal human concerns. He won 24 of them and never placed lower than second place. His second wife was Theoris with whom he had one son who was called Ariston. 21. This left him with swollen feet, which in Greek is Oedipus. He was born at Colonus, a village outside the walls of Athens, where his father, Sophillus, was a wealthy manufacturer of armour. Education. He served in the military, and later in politics, but he is best known for his plays. But that more optimal . He served in the military as a young man, and later became a politician. Oddly enough his greatest work, Oedipus Rex, only won second place. That whatever happens, one can often only blame oneself: Chorus Sophocles’ plays are known for ther complex characters, powerful emotions, and moral dilemmas. Conflict Resolution As Theme in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex 10. Sophocles is credited with about 20 first prizes in drama contests. He also thought that the gods had a plan for everything and that it was important to follow their will. Unity of place means that the action should take place in one location. Oedipus Rex was one of three plays that Sophocles, a Greek dramatist, penned on the Oedipus myth. Copyright 2020 Tons Of Facts. Oedipus . Sophocles gave up acting because of his weak voice. Throughout this mythic story of patricide and incest, Sophocles emphasizes the irony of a man determined to track down, expose, and punish an assassin, who turns out to be himself. Other popular Sophocles plays include Antigone, which is about a woman who defies her king’s edict not to bury her brother; and Electra, which tells the tale of a woman who takes revenge on her mother’s murderers. List several facts about Sophocles' life. Early in his career Sophocles even acted in his own plays, but due to a weak voice he settled into the role of writer only. It is not easy to find out the birth date of Sophocles. ","acceptedAnswer": {"@type": "Answer","text": "The name Oedipus is derived from the Greek word oidos, meaning swollen foot. We are lucky to have The Knights, The Frogs, The Wasps , Lysistrata . She believes that it is her duty to bury him according to religious law, even though it goes against the king’s orders. Of all the surviving plays, the tragedies of the Oedipus Trilogy Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone are the best known and most often produced. The plays were often performed again in lesser theatres around Greece, and the best were even distributed in written form for public reading, kept as official state documents for posterity, and studied as part of the standard Greek education. and any corresponding bookmarks? Sophocles was one of the three great Greek tragedians. Sophocles was selected to be one of nine generals in that campaign. Unity of place means that the action should take place in one location. Sophocles was one of the most celebrated and renowned playwrights of ancient Greece. Sophocles Facts 10: the important events in Sophocles' life. Between Antigone and Creon, they both have some of the elements to be the tragic hero. Oedipus's parents bounded his feet together and sent him away. He also made an impact on Aristotle, who references Oedipus Rex numerous times in his book Poetics. His most famous play is Oedipus Rex, which tells the story of a man who unknowingly kills his father and marries his mother. Here are other facts about Sophocles:if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'myinterestingfacts_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_11',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-myinterestingfacts_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Sophocles followed the dramatist competition during the festival in Athens. 6. After Oedipus' self-blinding, exile, and death, his two sons (and Antigone's two brothers), Eteokles and Polyneikes, end up quarreling for control over Thebes. Creon. from your Reading List will also remove any It is believed that the name was given to him because his feet were pinned together at birth. Greek Tragedy MaskMark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA). However, modern scholars are skeptical of this etymology. Sophocles tragedy is a genre of Greek drama that includes works by Sophocles. Sophocles was wealthy from birth, highly educated, noted for his grace and charm, on easy terms with the leading families, a personal friend of prominent statesmen, and in many ways fortunate to have died before the final surrender of Athens to Sparta in 404. She has master's degrees in applied . It was the second of Sophocles ' three Theban plays to be produced, but it comes first in the internal chronology (followed by "Oedipus at . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays during the course of his. Sophocles died at the age of 90 or 91, in 406 BC. His parents, however, must have had some means, judging by the fact that they gave him a gymnastic . Study sets, textbooks, questions. Sophocles facts for kids. For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. Those include The Women of Trachis, Antigone, Ajax, Oedipus at Colonus, Oedipus the King, Philoctetes and Electra.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'myinterestingfacts_com-box-4','ezslot_5',113,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-myinterestingfacts_com-box-4-0'); Theban plays were written by Sophocles. His father, Sophilus, was a rich member of a small community, the rural Deme. He had given up his house for the worship of a God named Asclepius who was the god of medicine, till a proper temple was not constructed. Sophocles' Chorus in Oedipus 12. In Antigone (440 B.C. C100 Humanities OA. This achievement foreshadowed the leadership role Sophocles would have in society, both as an active member of the government and as an influence on Greek arts. (863-870, Women of Trachis). The poet Ion of Chios relates an anecdotes involving Sophocles seducing a serving boy at a symposium, and Athenaios one in which Sophocles is trucked by a hustler. The young Sophocles showed great skill at music and dancing. 1. Sophocles was a Greek playwright who was born in Colonus, Attica in 496 BC. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. at Colonus, a village just outside Athens, Greece. This conflict between civil law and religious law is something that was happening in Sophocles' time, and he wanted to explore it through his play. Sophocles first play was produced in 468 BC, and his last play was produced posthumously in 406 BC. Sophocles led a choral chant to a god or a paean in 480 BC. He changed the style of having a trilogy and instead made three plays; each with a different plot. Ancient Greek Theatre. This man was his father, Laius, not that anyone apart from the gods knew this at the time. His plays were known for their strong character development, use of a third actor, and reduced reliance on the Chorus. Understanding How Sight and Blindness Is Depicted in Oedipus Rex 8. As a dramatist, Sophocles played an important part in this creation of a civilization, which included looking backward to ancient traditions and the first epic poetry of Greece, written by Homer. In fact, at age 15, he won the great honor of leading the boys' chorus in the victory paean (joyful song) celebrating the Athenian naval victory over the Persians at the battle of Salamis. Sophocles wrote more than one hundred plays, but only a handful of his works survived in their entirety. 20. The typical Sophoclean drama presents a few characters, impressive in their determination and power and possessing a few strongly drawn qualities or faults that combine with a particular set of circumstances to lead them inevitably to a tragic fate. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. A servant passes the infant on to a childless couple, who adopt him not knowing his history. Green, Richard and Eric Handley. Some of Sophocles' plays won second prize Oedipus the King, for example but none ever came in third. Sophocles's interest in human welfare is best shown in this famous quotation. Antigone is faced with the choice of allowing her brother Polyneices' body to remain unburied, outside the city walls, exposed to the ravages of wild animals, or to bury him and face death. Related Content Discover the Colorful World of GloFish Tetras! Sophocles wrote the play Antigone to discuss the conflict between religious law and civil law. There, he found refuge at the royal court of King Ptolemy I Soter, who ruled Egypt between 323 and 285 BCE. 5. Sophocles develops his characters rush to tragedy with great economy, concentration, and dramatic effectiveness, creating a coherent, suspenseful situation whose sustained and inexorable onrush came to epitomize the tragic form to the classical world. It is believed that Sophocles quit acting because of his weak voice. Sophocles is most famous for his three Theban plays, wich tell the story of the cursed royal family of Thebes. In 441 BC, he was elected one of the ten generals, executive officials at Athens, as a junior colleague of Pericles, and he served in the Athenian campaign against Samos. Dana teaches social sciences at the college level and English and psychology at the high school level. Sophocles used it as the setting in his drama. In 480 BC Sophocles was given the honor of leading the choral chant to a God to celebrate the victory at the Battle of Salamis. "It is the dead, not the living, who make the longest demands." - Sophocles, 'Antigone'. Antigone. Participating schools perform and "A day lays low and lifts up again all human things." "A human being is only breath and shadow." "A lie never lives to be old." "A man growing old becomes a child again." "A short saying often contains much wisdom." "A state is not a state if it belongs to one man." "A wise man does . For example, Creon accuses the soldier of taking bribe and not following his order. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophocles, Ancient Origins - Sophocles: Archetypal Master of Greek Tragedy, Perseus Digital Library - A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology - So'phocles, Sophocles - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Sophocles (497 BC, 496 BC, or 495 BC 406 BC) was an Ancient Greek writer who wrote 123 plays, according to the Suda. Gender: Male. As the play opens, the citizens of Thebes beg their king, Oedipus . takes for its subject the revenge of Agamemnon's children on their father's killers. In 440 B.C., Sophocles served as a general in the siege of Samos, an island that challenged the authority of Athens. Sophocles thus abandoned the spacious Aeschylean framework of the connected trilogy and instead comprised the entire action in a single play. License. It is you, whose fate is grievous, who have chosen this; this fortune has not come to you from one more powerful; for when it was possible to show good sense, you chose to approve the worse, rather than the better fate. Man is able to overcome all kinds of obstacles and is able to be inventive and creative, but he is mortal and therefore limited. He was born in a rural community of Attica in roughly 497/496 BC to a wealthy family. Sophocles told how Oedipus was saved from death as an infant and raised in Corinth. Sophocles lived in Athens from 496 BCE to 406 BCE, where he was born and died. When Sophocles was still a child, the Greek city states won a decisive victory against the invading Persian armies in 490 BCE and again in 480. He is credited with diverging from the typical format of a tragedy: he increased the number of speaking actors, increased the number of chorus members, and used painted scenery. Sophocles was born about 496 B.C. What Freud willfully omitted from his theory of the Oedipus complex were two terribly important facts about Sophocles' play: Oedipus Rex begins with parental aggression and abandonment, not . Many scenes dramatize flaws or failure in thinking (deceptive reports and rumours, false optimism, hasty judgment, madness). These are Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus. Since each author who was chosen to enter the competition usually presented four plays, this means he must have competed about 30 times. 3. His first artistic triumph was in 468 BC, when he took first prize in the Dionysia theater competition over the reigning master of Athenian drama, Aeschylus. One of his advances was the introduction of a third actor which gave him the chance of creating and developing his characters in further depth. Home. In the play, Antigone goes against the king's orders and buries her brother Polynices, even though he is a traitor. The word "theater" comes from the Greek word "theatron", which means "seeing place." The masks allowed for one actor to play different roles in the same play. The best known of his 123 dramas is Oedipus the King. But all eternity to love the dead." - Sophocles, 'Antigone'. Eventually, Creon is convinced to free Antigone from her punishment, but his decision comes too late and Antigone commits suicide. He is one of the three Greek writers of tragedy (the other two being Aeschylus and Euripides) whose works have survived till this day. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. We know that Sophocles was a pious individual and actually a priest in the hero cult of Halon. Everything You Need to Know About the Beaglier! Sophocles lived during the Classical Period (500 to 400 B.C. Oedipus dies and strife begins between his sons Polyneices and Eteocles. The name Oedipus is derived from the Greek word oidos, meaning swollen foot. It is believed that the name was given to him because his feet were pinned together at birth. Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. He worked as an armour manufacturer. Sophocles was a master of tragic drama, especially in his characterizations. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. If you want to know one of the three ancient Greek tragedians, check Sophocles Facts. ; the Oedipus at Colonus was not put on the stage until 401 B.C.E., after his death, by his grandson Sophocles. ; Afrikaans; Alemannisch; ; Aragons; ; Asturianu; Azrbaycanca; ; ; Bn-lm-g Sophocles, the son of Sophillus, was a rich member of the rural community of Colonus Hippius in Attica, which would later become a setting for his plays, and was probably born there. Updates? Only 7 of his tragedies have survived complete. ranks foremost among Greek classical dramatists and has been called the poet of Greek humanism par excellence. Outside of theatre life, Sophocles was also an active member of the Athenian polis. Sophocles was highly educated. Greek authors routinely drew their basic material from a cycle of four epic poems, known as the Theban Cycle, that was already ancient in the fifth century B.C.E. His seven extant tragedies are Philoctetes, Ajax, Electra, Trachiniae (Women of Trachis), and the Oedipal Trilogy (also known as the Oedipal Cycle) consisting of Oedipus Tyrannus (Oedipus the King), Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone. 6. Get facts about Greek theater here. Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. 18. This began a career of unparalleled success and longevity. In later life the playwright was involved in a legal battle with his son who claimed his father was senile and so sought his inheritance and control of the family property. Sophocles served as a treasurer of Athens in 443 BC during Pericles political ascendancy. For the Galar Region, minor division Gym Leaders and former Champions are included Learn. Both boys grew up to become tragedians. The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. These are Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone. He won 24 of 30 competitions that he followed.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'myinterestingfacts_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_4',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-myinterestingfacts_com-medrectangle-4-0'); His contemporaries were Euripides and Aeschylus. He brought many innovations to the Greek play style. He is one of three Greek tragedians whose plays have lived on. Each of the plays of the Oedipus Trilogy achieves this catharsis that Aristotle defined as the hallmark of all tragedy. However, some of the most popular stories written by Sophocles include Oedipus the King, Antigone and Oedipus at Colonus. These stories are widely considered to be among the best works of Ancient Greek literature and have been studied and discussed by scholars for centuries. World History Encyclopedia. "}}, {"@type": "Question", "name": "What Did Sophocles Believe? Sophocles was an ancient Greek poet and one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. Sophocles, therefore, stands between the earlier Aeschylus and the later Euripides. 11. In 413 BCE he sat on the ten-man council (the probouloi) which was convened to deal with the crisis of Athens' failed Sicilian expedition against Syracuse. One of the most influential figures in ancient philosophy, Plato, was born somewhere around 428 BC or 423 BC in Athens. QUICK FACTS. Flashcards. Sophocles was a playwright who lived in Greece during the 5 th century BC. Oedipus eventually learns of the Delphic Oracle's prophecy of him, that he would kill his father and marry his mother. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A bout 2,500 years ago, Gree ce was one of the most important places in the ancient world. Yet it is pain, suffering, and the endurance of tragic crisis that can bring people into valid contact with the universal order of things. This book is an anthology of quotes from Sophocles and selected facts about Sophocles. He also came second many times and never had the ignominy of being voted third and last in competitions. The Adorable and Eco-Friendly Pet: The Bat-Eared Fox. . For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide.

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