John 4:23, 24; 2 Tim. However, there is also no reference made to Persia, which would be expected if the book was of so late a date. This prophecy must have been pronounced either before Jeroboam came to the throne (approximately 793 B.C.) When they brought forth wild grapes instead of the mature fruit of character, He inquired, What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? (Isaiah 5:1-7). Prophecies that Inspiration clearly applies to our day were designed of God to inspire us with patience, comfort, and the hope that all things foretold by these holy men of old will soon meet their final and complete fulfillment. Hosea. Nabopolassar 626 B.C. Hence no reference to these two kingdoms was made by the prophet. Those nations that rejected the worship and service of the true God, were to be dispossessed, and Israel would inherit the Gentiles chapter (54:3). In general, Old Testament promises and predictions were addressed to literal Israel and were to have been fulfilled to them, conditional on obedience. It was to be the result of wholehearted cooperation with the will of God as revealed through the prophets, and of divine blessing added to human efforts. In the prophetic picture God is represented as gathering the nations to Jerusalem (Joel 3:1, 2; Zephaniah 3:6-8; cf. This fact weakens the arguments for such a late date. Gods promises are made conditional upon mans cooperation and obedience. The short book of Obadiah, consisting of only 21 verses, is not dated and its chronological setting is uncertain. The prophet Jonah was a Galilean from Gath-hepher. The Hebrew people were to acquire wisdom and skill in all cunning work, that is, a high degree of inventive genius and ability as artisans, for the manufacture of all kinds of utensils and mechanical devices. On the other hand, the destruction of Nineveh is described as an event still future (chapter 3:7). In the introduction to his book he declares that he worked under the kings Uzziah of Judah and Jeroboam II of Israel. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). In contrast to Isaiah and others, Jeremiah provided more detail about himself in his book than any of the other prophets. In Isaiah The gates of Jerusalem would be open continually to receive the wealth contributed to Israel for the conversion of still other nations and peoples (Isaiah 60:1-11, RSV; Psalms 72:10; Isaiah 45:14; Haggai 2:7, RSV). The promises and threatenings of God are alike conditional. Between the first invasion of Nebuchadnezzar in 605 B.C. In spite of Israels ultimate failure, a limited knowledge of the true God and of the Messianic hope was widespread when the Saviour was born (see on Matthew 2:1). Foskey, however, is far from a lock to be selected with one of the 31 first-round selections. In these tragic events the words of Moses met their final and complete fulfillment: As the Lord rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the Lord will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goes to possess it. They were written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come (1 Corinthians 10:11). The following simple rules are suggested as a safe approach to the study of each prophetic passage of the Old Testament: 1. He quotes Hosea 2:23. Paul emphasizes the fact that the rejection of literal Israel as Gods chosen instrument for the salvation of the world does not mean that individual Jews can no longer be saved (chapters 9:6; 11:1, 2, 11, 15), for he is a Jew himself (chapters 9:3; 10:1; 11:1, 2). They blindly overlooked those scriptures that point to the humiliation of Christs first advent, and misapplied those that speak of the glory of His second coming. The 9th-century view.The great empires of Assyria and Babylonia do not appear within the horizon of the prophet. Promises not already fulfilled to literal Israel either would never be fulfilled at all or would be fulfilled to the Christian church as spiritual Israel. Also, Jeremiah (chapter 26:18), quoting Micah (chapter 3:12), testifies that Micah ministered during Hezekiahs time. To pray by faith for God to fulfill His promises, we must be obedient to Gods difficult commands. 2. Shortly after this event he once more rose to a high position of honor and responsibility in the newly formed Persian Empire (chapter 6). Then Gabriel came to reassure him of the restoration of his people and the eventual coming of the Messiah (verses 24, 25). At the same time, He permitted the heathen nations to walk in their own ways (Acts 14:16), to furnish an example of what man can accomplish apart from Him. According to Jewish tradition Isaiah was sawn asunder. Hosea was from the Northern Kingdom, Micah and Jeremiah were from the Southern kingdom. The prophet Ezekiel, a priest, was one of the 10,000 Jews taken into exile by Nebuchadnezzar in 597 B.C., when King Jehoiachin was carried to Babylon. They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. Isaiah 54:7; Ezekiel 36:11; 43:10, 11; Micah 6:8; Zechariah 10:6). Jeremiah 49:14, 16), and Joel (Obadiah 15, 17; cf. Those in Israel who put forth their best efforts to cooperate with the revealed will of God realized, personally, a measure of the benefits He had promised. The ministry of Amos may therefore have fallen in the years 767-753 B.C. Our study of messages originally proclaimed by holy men of old to the people of their day is not to become an end in itself, but a means of discovering the will of God for all who would render Him truehearted service now, at the climax of the ages. WebA radical reinterpretation of the biblical prophets by one of America's most provocative critics reveals the eternal beauty of their language and the enduring resonance of their message. A Nebuchadnezzar 59 Q The prophets did not always clearly understand messages they themselves had borne pointing forward to the distant future, to the coming of the Messiah (1 Peter 1:10, 11). WebIn Jeremiah, Yahweh is portrayed as one who reveals himself primarily through his word, whereas in Ezekiel, Yahweh is presented in visions of God (pp. He played an important role during two momentous periods: (1) under Ahaz, during the war between Syria and Israel (chapters 7-11), and (2) under Hezekiah, during a siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib chapters 36; 37). Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, however, did. For a short time during his reign Assyria turned from its polytheistic religion to a kind of monotheistic Nabu worship. But, said the angel, Messiah would be rejected and cut off, because of the abominations of Israel, and Jerusalem and the Temple would once more life waste (verses 26, 27). What archaeological evidence implies Isaiah was a unified book? The consecutive order of the book of Haggai would indicate that his whole recorded ministry lasted not longer than 31/2 months, beginning (chapter 1:1) on August 29, 520 B.C., and extending, in his last two recorded speeches (chapter 2:10, 20), to December 18, 520. 9:129) This verse first Mark 7:9). Isaiah is reminded who the real king is. If Jeremiah had been writing a novel, he would have been the hero of his own story. They were to be far in advance of other nations in wisdom and understanding. The Temple was apparently rebuilt, and sacrifices were regularly offered at the time of the prophets activity (chapter 1:7-10). The sanctuary became Gods dwelling place among them (see Exodus 25:8), its priests were ordained to minister before Him (Hebrews 5:1; 8:3), its services provided an object lesson of the plan of salvation and prefigured the coming of the Messiah (1 Corinthians 5:7; Colossians 2:16, 17; Hebrews 9:1-10; 10:1-12). The church in this generation has been endowed by God with great privileges and blessings, and He expects corresponding returns. Then came a pause in his activity of almost two years, at the end of which Zechariah received another divine message, on December 6, 518 (chapter 7:1), recorded in chapters 7 and 8. The prophet Hosea was a citizen of the northern kingdom of Israel, whose ruler, Jeroboam II, is called by the prophet, our king (chapters 1:1; 7:5). The material advantages that Israel enjoyed were designed to arrest the attention and catch the interest of the heathen, for whom the less obvious spiritual advantages had no natural attraction. 4. Jer 31:35. It was therefore not alone unto themselves and to their contemporaries that the prophets ministered, but also to all sincere men and women of later generations (1 Peter 1:12). In the endeavor to account for this seeming enigma, Bible expositors have set forth various explanations: 1. The completeness and finality of this rejection is evident from chapter 8:19, 20: As the nations which the Lord destroyeth before your face, so shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the Lord your God. The rejection of Jesus by the leaders of Israel (cf. For some time he held a high position in Nebuchadnezzars government (chapter 2:48), and became a trusted counselor of the great king. I will call them my people, which were not my people (Romans 9:25, 26). Haggais courageous ministry was responsible for the resumption of the rebuilding of the Temple in the time of Darius I, after the work had ceased for some time (Ezra 4:24; 5:1). The covenant with literal Israel proved faulty, not because God failed to carry out His part of the covenant, but rather because Israels fair promises proved evanescent as the morning dew (Hosea 6:4; 13:3; Hebrews 8:6, 7). His call came to him sometime in October/November, 520 B.C., in the same year as Haggais first appearance (chapter 1:1). No chronological data are given, but the prophet speaks of the fall of No (chapter 3:8) as an event of the past. In a mysterious way known only to God the prophets words were sometimes intended to meet their fulfillment in the then far-distant future. He purposed to make them an honor to His name and a blessing to the nations about them. Although the Hebrew term naar, youth, or child, by which the prophet designates himself verse (6), does not give an indication of Jeremiahs exact age at the time of his call, the context of the passage in which this word appears seems to favor the interpretation that he was still very young, perhaps less than twenty. He went to Bethel, a sanctuary city of the northern kingdom, to deliver prophecies of warning, reproof, and doom to Israel. The older generation place him in the 9th century B.C., whereas most commentators are now inclined to assign him either to the time of King Josiah or to the postexilic period. Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. Spiritual prosperity was to prepare the way for material prosperity. Web1 God calls Jeremiah to be prophet in Judah. The last part of the lecture turns to Second Isaiah and the famous servant songs that find a universal significance in According to tradition, how was Isaiah killed? WebEzekiels use of dramatic prophetic signs, his rejection of collective divine punishment and assertion of individual responsibility are discussed. Daniel 2:35). 1-39 40-55 56-66. All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. Cooperation with the natural laws of body and mind would result in ever-increasing mental strength, and the people of Israel would be blessed with vigor of intellect, keen discrimination, and sound judgment. Hence the year 571/70 must not be considered as necessarily marking the end of his ministry. WebThe great prophet Jeremiah lived during one of the most critical periods in Jewish history. The kingdom was divided following Solomons death (see 1 Kings 11:33-38). 1 Peter 2:9, 10). The establishment of the Hebrew monarchy did not affect the basic principles of the theocracy (Deuteronomy 17:14-20; 1 Samuel 8:7). One royal visitor to Jerusalem exclaimed, The half was not told me! (1 Kings 10:1-9). Eventually, all the nations would call Jerusalem the throne of the Lord and be gathered unto it, not to walk any more after the imagination of their evil heart (Jeremiah 3:17). 1 Peter 2:6-8; 1 Corinthians 1:23) but this need not mean that they are to fallGod forbid, he exclaims (Romans 11:1, 22). The importance of their books cannot be overestimated, as many of these prophecies are yet to be fulfilled. WebLast time you checked the cover of your family Bible, it probably didnt say The Bible, by God. since nearly all are named and credit given to a specific writer: the book of Isaiah to Isaiah, the books of Jeremiah and Lamentations to Jeremiah, the book of Ezekiel to Ezekiel, and so on. WebJeremiah is allowed to remain in Jerusalem. Jeremiah 32:17 highlights this point by stating, "O Sovereign Lord! They cherished the idea that they were favorites of Heaven, and were ungrateful for the opportunities so graciously afforded them. Continued obedience was necessary to the continuance of divine favor, whereas persistent disobedience must inevitably culminate in the rejection of the Jewish nation as Gods chosen instrument for carrying out the divine plan (Deuteronomy 28:15-68). 2. New King James Version Galatians 3:27-29; see on Deuteronomy 18:15). For these reasons his ministry can be dated from about 755 (or earlier) to about 725 B.C. The modernist school of interpretation denies the predictive element in prophecy altogether, arguing either that the predictions were written down after the events thus foretold took place or that such predictions reflected nothing more than the prophets hopes for the future, or those of his people. Thus, for more than 1,500 years, a great experiment designed to test the relative merits of good and evil was conducted before the world. For two of them (Joel and Obadiah), however, no conclusive evidence as to the time of their work exists, and scholars differ widely in their views concerning this matter. The plan itself never changes because God never changes. Thus it had been with Enoch (Genesis 5:24), Abraham (chapter 26:5), and Joseph (chapter 39:2-6). Again and again God warned Israel that blessing goes hand in hand with obedience and that a curse accompanies disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:19; 28:1, 2, 13, 14; Jeremiah 18:6-10; 26:2-6; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). One needs to keep these in mind to better understand the heart of Isaiah's message. WebEmphasize that when God prompted Isaiah to write about the Lord Jesus it was way before Jesus was born. Eventually, however, it became apparent that the Jews would never measure up to the standard God required of them, as Malachi makes evident (chapters 1:6, 12; 2:2, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17; 3:7, 13, 14). The prophets vivid description of the catastrophe that had befallen Thebes leaves the impression that the event was still fresh in the memory of the people, whereas Assyrias power, although waning, was not yet near its end. Seventy weeks490 years of literal timewere determined upon the Jews, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness (Daniel 9:24). However, it is possible that some of his undated prophecies were given at a later time. by means of a broken line. (chapter 5:14), after which he was recalled to Persia. What archaeological evidence implies Isaiah was a unified book? If the nation had been faithful to its trust and had appreciated the high destiny reserved for it by God, the whole earth would have awaited the coming of the Messiah with eager expectancy. Who became king of Babylon about the same time that Jeremiah was called by God. In fact, this procedure is responsible more than anything else for the fanciful interpretations that distinguish the teachings of certain religious groups. Having begun his ministry in the time of Uzziah, king of Judah, and Jeroboam II, king of Israel (chapter 1:1), Hosea continued until the time of Hezekiah, king of Judah (chapter 1:1). He is the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever (Hebrews 13:8). It is possible that he worked much longer, as part of chapters 9-14 may have been given at a much later time. WebIsaiah was a prophet of the southern kingdom, living in a critical period of his nation. Solomon made his great mistake when he failed to realize the secret of Israels prosperity, and with a few noteworthy exceptions, leaders and people sank lower and lower from generation to generation until apostasy was complete (Isaiah 3:12; 9:16; Jeremiah 5:1-5; 8:10; Ezekiel 22:23-31; Micah 3). He states that he ministered under King Josiah (chapter 1:1), who reigned from 640 to 609 B.C. Hosea 2:6-13). God placed His people in Palestine, the crossroads of the ancient world, and provided them with every facility for becoming the greatest nation on the face of the earth. During the siege, reprobate Israelites would be slain by their foes (Zechariah 13:8; 14:2). Amos presents himself to his readers as a herdsman and a gatherer of sycomore fruit (chapters 1:1; 7:14). chapter 9:7; Isaiah 66:23). His word endureth for ever (1 Peter 1:25). Another reason to trust God is there is nothing too complicated for Him. However, there is no valid reason why Malachi should not be considered a proper name. He would be king over all the earth verses (3, 8, 9), and His dominion from sea even to sea, even to the ends of the earth (chapter 9:9, 10). Since Jothams sole reign began after the death of his father Uzziah in 740/39, the initial date for Micahs prophetic ministry should probably be placed after that date. Isaiah was best known as the Hebrew prophet who predicted the coming of Jesus Christ to salvage mankind from sin. He saw the destruction of Jerusalem and of the Beth Hamikdosh, after his warnings and prophecies fell on deaf ears. It is ever the privilege of those who witness the fulfillment of prophecy to remember and believe (John 13:19; 14:29; John 16:4). Unfortunately, Nehemiahs second term as governor cannot be dated, which fact makes it also somewhat difficult to date Malachi. They voluntarily accepted God as their sovereign, and this constituted the nation a theocracy. JEREMIAH Church tradition suggests that Jeremiah was stoned to death in Egypt by the Jews. A comparison between some of his prophecies and those of Amos indicates that Hosea was a younger contemporary of Amos (cf. Nahum is called the Elkoshite (chapter 1:1), but Elkosh is unknown as a place name, although commentators have tried to identify it with Elkesi in northern Galilee, Alkush near Mosul, and a town near Eleutheropolis in Judah. All men would recognize that Israel stood in a special relationship to the God of heaven (Deuteronomy 7:6-14; 28:10; Jeremiah 16:20, 21).
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